Notation

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• All vectors in this book are column vectors of dimension $n \times 1$, with $n$ being the number of elements in that vector.
• A superscript is used for a sample’s index. The $i^{th}$ element in the dataset is denoted $x^{(i)}$.
• A subscript is used for dimension. $x_1$ of an $n \times n$ matrix denotes its first row.